Dutiful Odysseus

If I disappear without a trace someday, start the search in the Aegean Sea. Christopher Nolan’s new take on The Odyssey tugs at my lifelong hunger to sail the Greek isles. It is a grand epic, a reminder of what Hollywood can be at its best, telling humanity’s greatest stories in luscious beauty and filling cinemas. This is the point of a good mass market movie, the genre delivering what it is best designed to do.

This Odyssey is about as faithful to the key plot moments as a three-hour film can be to a long oral tale. It artfully follows the jumps in time in Odysseus’ story: from Ithaca to Troy to his various stops on the long way home. Here is a horrifying cyclops, leering at the invaders of his cave; there are the Laestrygonians, faceless giants who carve up Odysseus’ crew. The victors of the Trojan War meander stark Mediterranean islands, some deceptively welcoming, some desolate and foreboding, all with the air of mystery they would have had for lost seafarers in an age when the maps contained great blank spaces. CGI takes a back seat to old-school discovery, and this film is so much the better for it. Nolan’s effort is a triumph if for no other reason, and if clearing that modest bar is a statement on the decline of the movies, well, so be it. The audience response tells us all we need to know about whether something has been lost or not.

No one performance steals the screen, but they all fit the parts written for them. Matt Damon is a disciplined soldier, fulfilling Odysseus’ role as he must. Tom Holland is a bit old to convincingly capture Telemachus’ coming of age, but the performance does have some heart, and Anne Hathaway as Penelope is at turns striking in her grief and bitterness. Robert Pattinson makes a decent scheming suitor, though Zendaya seemed an overly soft Athena, more melancholy than a shrewd warrior goddess should be. Jon Bernthal is a strong Menelaus, prideful but heartfelt in his care for his lost comrade. Darth Vader, however, makes for a rather one-dimensional Agamemnon. I have nothing at all to add to the debates about the racial accuracy of various actors.

Nolan’s Odysseus is a modern man, war-weary and scarred by what he has seen, haunted by the destruction his horse scheme wrought upon Troy. He is skeptical of the gods, save the light touch of Athena floating in his conscience; indeed the rest of the Olympians do not appear to us, their actions portended but distant. They are deist gods, not the vain and impulsive figures who consume daily life in Bronze Age Greece. Odysseus is not a man of great passions but instead one of duty, devoted to his wife and to his men, possessed of the bullheaded determination of a good soldier. Homer’s Odysseus has little regret for his exploits, but Matt Damon here is motivated to atone for his sins in a society that predates the concept of sin.

The motivations that drive Nolan’s other characters are also often circumscribed. Paris’ theft of Helen is a ruse for Agamemnon to destroy Troy’s economic power, not a pursuit to reclaim his brother’s passionate love for the most beautiful woman on earth. Antinous, the chief antagonist suitor, gets a backstory of cowardliness going back to the initial Ithacan draft into service in the Trojan War. Telemachus and Penelope debate some court intrigue but mostly just want their hero back. They are all clear-eyed rationalists, acting in calculated self-interest rather than out of love or the honor that makes Odysseus unique in this world.

Giving all of these characters modern sensibilities of course helps make them real to a 21st century audience, and in turn furthers its message. Nolan is making a statement about civilization and the risks it faces: the Achaeans’ victory at Troy breaks “Zeus’s law” of hospitality and just war. He knowingly nods to the late Bronze Age collapse that followed this early peak of Greek civilization, one that saw their horizons constrained before an eventual classical era that mined Homeric myths to tell tales of how societies could move beyond some of the most barbaric actions of the Achaeans. Mysterious people from the sea are said to be coming for the Greeks, but knowing viewers today are aware that the barbarians are within, already tearing down the noble culture of myth.

“Song will be all they have to remember those of us who could write,” Odysseus tells Penelope as they sail off into the west like a bunch of elves at the end of The Lord of the Rings. Indeed, the use of the Greeks’ early written script, Linear B, fell away not long after the Homeric age, and the written word would not rise again for centuries. This is a particularly interesting line in a moment when some astute commentators have suggested we are sliding into a post-literate era, one dominated by the short-form video and the meandering podcast conversation. Perhaps our forthcoming AI machine gods are the omnipresent Homeric deities who will intervene in our daily lives and subject us all to the flighty whims of our wannabe tech overlords. Part of me wants to see an Odyssey reinterpretation that goes all-in on that society that rejects the West’s Classical and Christian inheritances, just to show the extremity of the difference, and the value of what we’ve built.

Seen in this light, Odysseus’ modernism takes on a different flavor. It is a defense of an older order, one in which the values of honor and duty hold true, and in which the Hollywood epic tells a powerful and moralizing tale. It knows the horror of war, the psychological toll of violence and loss, and it upholds the honor of the pining wife. It fights back against an adolescent neo-paganism and avoids the camp of the Hollywood epics of yore. Its ethos is a cynical realism, ready to make a clear statement on how we live now, wrestling with inner psychology instead of capricious gods. This, Nolan seems to say, is an Odysseus for our times, a man who knows the struggle but perseveres.

At the same time, this Odysseus reveals why some people can get bored of this era, and why they may seek their fantastical or virtual escapes. For one, there is a distinct lack of real intimacy. We get a little snippet of Odysseus and Penelope in love, but it seems fairly one-directional, the stoic soldier holding his own as tears roll cinematically down his wife’s face. Helen, one of history’s most consequential women, is just bitter and done with her old husband, Menelaus. Circe, as Maureen Dowd acidly notes, is a “vindictive feminist hippie making ceramic pots in Vermont,” taking her revenge on the patriarchy instead of seducing Odysseus and keeping him around for a year. Charlize Theron’s Calypso, while at least hotter than dumpy Circe, is a drug-dealing New Age therapist. Nolan’s women are objects of intrigue but never quite take command, perhaps in part because his men lack the appetites that would let them do so.

This boils down to my biggest critique of the film: Homer’s Odysseus is clever, horny, and swaggering, a powerful but flawed great man. Damon’s is, well, kind of a bore. Telemachus follows in his father’s footsteps, his life all mission-driven. I admire these men, just as I admire the scope of Nolan’s work. Insofar as the point is resistance to the Brave New World lotus peddled by some of our tech wannabe overlords, I am on board with this celebration of honor and duty and psychological depth. But if we want an epic that bridges eras, one that stays true to the enduring power of myth and offers something to kids set dreaming by one of the greatest human adventure tales, we will need an Odysseus willing to chase intimacy and commune with the gods. Duty alone is not enough.

The Reading List

I have been lax in blogging, so it’s time to get back into the game. What follows is a list of some of the works that have most profoundly affected me over the years. I’m sure I’m forgetting a few things that I probably shouldn’t, but here you go: 

Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes. Some classics can be dry, certainly, but some immediately reveal why they have endured for centuries, and deserve to endure for many more. Few works are more universally applicable to most any situation, and often in ways that conflict with the popular image of the title character, thanks to Cervantes’ sharp wit. I had the added benefit of taking an entire college course on this one that was taught by a brilliant professor, which probably helped me see a few more things than I would have if I’d picked it up on my own.

David Foster Wallace’s 2005 commencement address at Kenyon College. With graduation season upon us, I’ll be writing a longer post about this one in the coming weeks.

Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton and One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez. I read both of these in high school and haven’t really touched them since, so I’m not sure if they’d have the same impact today. The styles are radically different–one is a lyrical and very real story of racial tension and forgiveness in South Africa, while the other is a punchy work with absurd layers of allegory, but both did a lot to expand my consciousness about the world around me.

The Labyrinth of Solitude by Octavio Paz. What is it about Latin American writers and solitude? At any rate, this book is best known for its exploration of the Mexican identity, but I though it was at its more profound in the later chapters, when it opens up in an even deeper meditation on human nature. On the intellectual side of the ledger, this was my most rewarding discovery during the semester I spent in Mexico City as an undergraduate.

The Bill James 1984 Baseball Abstract. Yes, seriously. As it is, Bill James is (with apologies to Roger Angell) the most insightful baseball writer out there, and there are plenty of bits of brilliance about the game. But this is more than a baseball book; it is a book about how to think about things on different planes, and for a young sports fan, it presented its ideas in a way that was clear and easy to apply to a real-world scenario. I revisit parts of it time and time again.

Honorable mentions: Freedom and “Farther Away” (a New Yorker essay) by Jonathan Franzen; Mario Vargas Llosa’s 2010 Nobel Prize acceptance speech; the New Yorker‘s collection of reflection essays on 9/11 (most notably, Roger Angell’s); “Leaving Washington” by Patrick Deneen; The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald (I’m curious to see the new movie version); The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger; Eichmann in Jerusalem by Hannah Arendt; and Hopscotch by Julio Cortázar. I’ll also throw in the “Harry Potter” series; I know it’s not great literature, but I did grow up with the books and draw certain insights out of them, so they deserve to be acknowledged.

I grew up generally indifferent as to whether books were considered classics or not, but I’ve been finding those so-called canonical works more and more relevant of late. For example, I read The Odyssey when I was fairly young, and though I enjoyed it, only in the past few years have I come to appreciate how far it reaches. I read War and Peace when I was way too young to get most of it–it was more so I could be That Kid who read War and Peace in 6th grade–and have not gone back to it yet, but from what I gather in reading about it since, I’m guessing I would really like it. Some day. It’s a similar story with The Bible. I was not raised within the Christian tradition, and I think that let me have some critical distance from it; as a result, I have only ever found it richly layered and compelling, and I think most intelligent readers should be able to appreciate its merits, even if they don’t believe it. Classics often get dismissed these days as stuffy or unrelated to contemporary life, and while many have their limits (what doesn’t?) and certain works are not for the faint of heart, tackling them with the right mindset can be very rewarding. I’d advocate for a healthy balance between past wisdom and present insight, but there’s little point in forcing oneself to read something that one does not want to read, and one never knows where one might stumble across the most relevant works.

That should do for my list, at least until I wake up in the middle of the night and think, “how could I forget Book X?!” Feel free to share your own in the comments.